Small trees to shrubs. Buttresses absent. Spines absent. Stilt roots absent. Bark gray, brown; not peeling in strips. Exudate absent. Terminal buds not enclosed by leaves.
Complex hairs present; star-like. Stinging hairs absent. Mature twig indumentum absent.
Leaves spiral; not scale-like; simple; all of the same type; not modified into spines; coriaceous; not gland-dotted; symmetric at the base; not dissected; with small to large teeth on margin. Epidermis not waxy. Venation pinnate. Secondary veins open; prominent. Smallest veins prominent to not prominent, but visible; ladder like. Intramarginal vein absent. Stalk of blade less than a quarter the length of the blade; not winged; attached to base of leaf blade; swollen; swollen at both ends. Stipules present; free from one another; laterally placed; not encircling the twig; scale-like; fringed, or not fringed; small; not persistent. Domatia absent. Basal glands absent. Hairs on mature leaf present, or absent; sparse.
Inflorescences present; axillary; on an unbranched axis; specialized inflorescence units present, or absent; specialized inflorescence units heads; numerous and persistent inflorescence bracts absent. Flowers at least some flowers unisexual; with male and female flowers on the same plant; stalked; with the parts barely visible to the eye to about 0.5 cm long or across; round; with male or female parts not raised on a column. Hypanthium absent. Disk absent. Perianth present; with all whorls looking like sepals. Sepals 3-4; free, or partially joined; persistent in fruit; not growing any further after flowering, or growing slightly after flowering. Epicalyx absent. Petals absent. Stamens 4-5; filaments present; joined; free of the perianth; all equal in size; isomerous; alternating with the sepals (when isomerous). Anthers 2 loculed; attached by the base; not awned; dehiscing by long slits. Ovary superior. Carpels joined; 3. Locules 3. Styles solitary. Stigmas 3 lobed; not distinctive. Fruit capsular; non-fleshy; not multiple; splitting; not enclosed in, or sitting on, fleshy perianth parts; wingless. Seeds 3 per fruit; less than 5 mm; wingless; uniform in cross-section; aril absent; endospermic.
Leaves toothed; tertiary veins usually prominent; anther cells pendulous and divergent. Taxon images: koilo.gif
Cite this publication as: Jarvie, J.K. and
Ermayanti (1996 onwards). `Tree Genera of Borneo – Descriptions and
Illustrations’ URL
http://django.harvard.edu/users/jjarvie/Borneo.htm/.
Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz,
Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.