| Author | Title | Year | Journal/Proceedings | Reftype | DOI/URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chave, J., Muller-Landau, H. C., Baker, T. R., Easdale, T. A., ter Steege, H. & Webb, C. O. | Regional and phylogenetic variation of wood density across 2,456 neotropical tree species | 2007 | Ecological Applications | article | URL |
| Abstract: Wood density is a crucial variable in carbon accounting programs of both secondary and old-growth tropical forests. It also is the best single descriptor of wood: it correlates with numerous morphological, mechanical, physiological, and ecological properties. To explore the extent to which wood density could be estimated for rare or poorly censused taxa, and possible sources of variation in this trait, we analyzed regional, taxonomic, and phylogenetic variation in wood density among 2456 tree species from Central and South America. Wood density varied over more than one order of magnitude across species, with an overall mean of 0.645 g/cm3. Our geographical analysis showed significant decreases in wood density with increasing altitude and significant differences among low-altitude geographical regions: wet forests of Central America and western Amazonia have significantly lower mean wood density than dry forests of Central and South America, eastern and central Amazonian forests, and the Atlantic forests of Brazil, and that eastern Amazonian forests have lower wood densities than the dry forests and the Atlantic forest. A nested analysis of variance showed that 74% of the species-level wood density variation was explained at the genus level, 34% at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) family level, and 19% at the APG order level. This indicates that genus-level means give reliable approximations of values of species, except in a few hypervariable genera. We also studied which evolutionary shifts in wood density occurred in the phylogeny of seed plants using a composite phylogenetic tree. Major changes were observed at deep nodes (Eurosid 1), and also in more recent divergences, for instance in the Rhamnoids, Simaroubaceae and Anacardiaceae. Our unprecedented wood density data set yields consistent guidelines for estimating wood densities when species-level information is lacking, and should significantly reduce error in Central and South American carbon accounting programs. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{chaveregional,
author = {Chave, J. and H. C. Muller-Landau and T. R. Baker and T. A. Easdale and ter Steege, H. and C. O. Webb},
title = {Regional and phylogenetic variation of wood density across 2,456 neotropical tree species},
journal = {Ecological Applications},
year = {2007},
note = {In press},
url = {http://www.edb.ups-tlse.fr/equipe1/chave/chave-ecolappl07.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O., Cannon, C. H. & Davies, S. J. | Phylogeny, biogeography and ecological organization of rain forest tree communities | 2007 | Tropical Forest Community Ecology | inbook | |
| Abstract: The assembly of local tropical forest tree communities is influenced by abiotic filters from a larger, regional species pool (e.g., habitat differentiation, mass effects, dispersal limitation), and local biotic interactions (e.g., density dependence, resource competition; summarized in Fig. 1; see chapters X, Y, Z). These assembly processes are mediated by the phenotypic similarities or differences of individuals which are the outcome of evolutionary change in historical communities, and ultimately the composition of taxa in a regional species pool is the outcome of biogeographic processes. Given the great diversity of tropical tree species, we are unlikely to ever know enough about the ecologically important phenotypes or pre- cise spatial ranges of species to be able to predict local community species composition based on detailed attributes of every species. However, we suggest in this chapter that be- cause species similarity and difference are strongly influenced by common ancestry, as is the presence or absence of a taxonomic clade in a geographic area, a phylogenetic approach may be most effective for understanding and predicting local community composition. In this chapter, we thus briefly review current understanding of abiotic and biotic con- trols of local species composition, and of evolutionary patterns in ecological character. We then describe phylogenetic analyses which explore the outcomes of neighborhood in- teractions, habitat filtering, climatic gradients and biogeographic history by analyzing the phylogenetic patterns of species composition at nested spatial scales (Fig. 1). We test these methods with data from forests in Southeast Asia. Finally, we discuss the association of ecological and biogeographic characteristics with internal nodes of plant phylogenies and the creation of predictive models for the general taxonomic and ecological composition of communities. | |||||
BibTeX:
@inbook{webb2007phylogeny,
author = {Webb, C. O. and C. H. Cannon and S. J. Davies},
title = {Phylogeny, biogeography and ecological organization of rain forest tree communities},
booktitle = {Tropical Forest Community Ecology},
publisher = {Blackwell},
year = {2007}
}
|
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| Wright, I. J., Ackerly, D. D., Bongers, F., Harms, K. E., Ibarra-Manriquez, G., Martinez-Ramos, M., Mazer, S. J., Muller-Landau, H. C., Paz, H., Pitman, N. C. A., Poorter, L., Silman, M. R., Vriesendorp, C. F., Webb, C. O., Westoby, M. & Wright, S. J. | Relationships among ecologically important dimensions of plant trait variation in seven neotropical forests | 2007 | Annals of Botany | article | DOIURL |
| Abstract: Background and Aims When ecologically important plant traits are correlated they may be said to constitute an ecological 'strategy' dimension. Through identifying these dimensions and understanding their inter-relationships we gain insight into why particular trait combinations are favoured over others and into the implications of trait differences among species. Here we investigated relationships among several traits, and thus the strategy dimensions they represented, across 2134 woody species from seven Neotropical forests. Methods Six traits were studied: specific leaf area (SLA), the average size of leaves, seed and fruit, typical maximum plant height, and wood density (WD). Trait relationships were quantified across species at each individual forest as well as across the dataset as a whole. 'Phylogenetic' analyses were used to test for correlations among evolutionary trait-divergences and to ascertain whether interspecific relationships were biased by strong taxonomic patterning in the traits. Key Results The interspecific and phylogenetic analyses yielded congruent results. Seed and fruit size were expected, and confirmed, to be tightly related. As expected, plant height was correlated with each of seed and fruit size, albeit weakly. Weak support was found for an expected positive relationship between leaf and fruit size. The prediction that SLA and WD would be negatively correlated was not supported. Otherwise the traits were predicted to be largely unrelated, being representatives of putatively independent strategy dimensions. This was indeed the case, although WD was consistently, negatively related to leaf size. Conclusions The dimensions represented by SLA, seed/fruit size and leaf size were essentially independent and thus conveyed largely independent information about plant strategies. To a lesser extent the same was true for plant height and WD. Our tentative explanation for negative WD-leaf size relationships, now also known from other habitats, is that the traits are indirectly linked via plant hydraulics. Keywords: Fruit size, leaf size, phylogenetically independent contrasts, plant height, plant strategies, seed size, specific leaf area, tropical rainforest ecology, wood density. |
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BibTeX:
@article{wright2007relationships,
author = {Ian J. Wright and David D. Ackerly and Frans Bongers and Kyle E. Harms and Guillermo Ibarra-Manriquez and Miguel Martinez-Ramos and Susan J. Mazer and Helene C. Muller-Landau and Horacio Paz and Nigel C. A. Pitman and Lourens Poorter and Miles R. Silman and Corine F. Vriesendorp and Campbell O. Webb and Mark Westoby and S. Joseph Wright},
title = {Relationships among ecologically important dimensions of plant trait variation in seven neotropical forests},
journal = {Annals of Botany},
year = {2007},
url = {http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/mcl066?ijkey=uxg6Kw840XGaFlv&keytype=ref},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl066}
}
|
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| Ackerly, D. D., Schwilk, D. W. & Webb, C. O. | Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: testing the order of trait divergence. | 2006 | Ecology | article | |
| Abstract: In the course of an adaptive radiation, the evolution of niche parameters is of particular interest for understanding modes of speciation and the consequences for coexistence of related species within communities. We pose a general question: In the course of an evolutionary radiation, do traits related to within-community niche differences (alpha niche) evolve before or after differentiation of macrohabitat affinity or climatic tolerances (beta niche)? Here we introduce a new test to address this question, based on a modification of the method of independent contrasts. The divergence order test (DOT) is based on the average age of the nodes on a tree, weighted by the absolute magnitude of the contrast at each node for a particular trait. The comparison of these weighted averages reveals whether large divergences for one trait have occurred earlier or later in the course of diversification, relative to a second trait; significance is determined by bootstrapping from maximum-likelihood ancestral state reconstructions. The method is applied to the evolution of Ceanothus, a woody plant group in California, in which co-occurring species exhibit significant differences in a key leaf trait (specific leaf area) associated with contrasting physiological and life history strategies. Co-occurring species differ more for this trait than expected under a null model of community assembly. This alpha niche difference evolved early in the divergence of two major subclades within Ceanothus, whereas climatic distributions (beta niche traits) diversified later within each of the subclades. However, rapid evolution of climate parameters makes inferences of early divergence events highly uncertain, and differentiation of the beta niche might have taken place throughout the evolution of the group, without leaving a clear phylogenetic signal. Similar patterns observed in several plant and animal groups suggest that early divergence of alpha niche traits might be a common feature of niche evolution in many adaptive radiations. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{ackerly2006niche,
author = {D. D. Ackerly and D. W. Schwilk and C. O. Webb},
title = {Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: testing the order of trait divergence.},
journal = {Ecology},
year = {2006},
volume = {87},
number = {7 Suppl},
pages = {S50--S61}
}
|
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| Strauss, S. Y., Webb, C. O. & Salamin, N. | Exotic taxa less related to native species are more invasive. | 2006 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | article | DOI |
| Abstract: Some species introduced into new geographical areas from their native ranges wreak ecological and economic havoc in their new environment. Although many studies have searched for either species or habitat characteristics that predict invasiveness of exotic species, the match between characteristics of the invader and those of members of the existing native community may be essential to understanding invasiveness. Here, we find that one metric, the phylogenetic relatedness of an invader to the native community, provides a predictive tool for invasiveness. Using a phylogenetic supertree of all grass species in California, we show that highly invasive grass species are, on average, significantly less related to native grasses than are introduced but noninvasive grasses. The match between the invader and the existing native community may explain why exotic pest species are not uniformly noxious in all novel habitats. Relatedness of invaders to the native biota may be one useful criterion for prioritizing management efforts of exotic species. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{strauss2006exotic,
author = {Sharon Y Strauss and Campbell O Webb and Nicolas Salamin},
title = {Exotic taxa less related to native species are more invasive.},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
year = {2006},
volume = {103},
number = {15},
pages = {5841--5845},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508073103}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O., Gilbert, G. S. & Donoghue, M. J. | Phylodiversity-dependent seedling mortality, size structure, and disease in a Bornean rain forest. | 2006 | Ecology | article | URL |
| Abstract: Density-dependent models that partition neighbors into conspecifics and heterospecifics ignore the great variation in effect of heterospecifics on focal plants. Both evolutionary theory and empirical results suggest that the negative effect of other plants on a focal plant should be higher for closely related neighbors than for less related neighbors. Using community-wide seedling mortality data from a forest where density dependence has previously been found, we searched for significant phylogenetic neighborhood effects (the "phylodiversity" neighborhood) on seedling (<50 cm tall) survival at various spatial scales. Logistic regression models were used, with 19-mo survival of individual seedlings as the response. We found a significant positive effect of nearest taxon phylodiversity on seedling survival at the 36-m2 scale and the 4-m2 scale, indicating that seedling survival is enhanced by being in a neighborhood where heterospecifics are not closely related. At all scales there was a strong negative effect of conspecific seedling density on focal survival, and at small scales there was also an effect of heterospecific density, indicating generalized competition. We place these results (for seedling dynamics over a relatively short period of time) in the context of changes in phylodiversity between different size classes of plants in the same forest, which integrate the effects of dynamics of all size classes over long time periods. At the 36-m2 scale, there was an increase in nearest taxon phylodiversity (i.e., a decrease in phylogenetic clustering) from the seedlings (<50 cm tall) to the poles (1-5 cm diameter), consistent with the positive effect of local phylodiversity on seedling survival. In contrast, there was a marked decrease in average phylodiversity from seedlings to saplings at the same scale. The trees in the 1600 m2 surrounding the seedling plots had much lower phylodiversity than either the seedlings or saplings. Taken together, these results suggest that (1) over short time and spatial scales, local seedling phylodiversity has a positive effect on seedling survival, possibly via interaction with pathogens (which we discuss in detail), but (2) over longer time periods and larger spatial scales the effect of abiotic-related mortality results in habitat filtering for phylogenetically conserved traits. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{webb2006phylodiversitydependent,
author = {Campbell O Webb and Gregory S Gilbert and Michael J Donoghue},
title = {Phylodiversity-dependent seedling mortality, size structure, and disease in a Bornean rain forest.},
journal = {Ecology},
year = {2006},
volume = {87},
number = {7 Suppl},
pages = {S123--S131},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2006_ec.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O., Losos, J. B. & Agrawal, A. A. | Special issue: Integrating phylogenies into community ecology [BibTeX] |
2006 | Ecology | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{webb2006special,
author = {C. O. Webb and J. B. Losos and A. A. Agrawal},
title = {Special issue: Integrating phylogenies into community ecology},
journal = {Ecology},
year = {2006},
volume = {87},
pages = {S1--S2},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2006_intro_ec.pdf}
}
|
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| Weiblen, G. D., Webb, C. O., Novotny, V., Basset, Y. & Miller, S. E. | Phylogenetic dispersion of host use in a tropical insect herbivore community. | 2006 | Ecology | article | URL |
| Abstract: Theory has long predicted that insect community structure should be related to host plant phylogeny. We examined the distribution of insect herbivore associations with respect to host plant phylogeny for caterpillars (Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), and grasshoppers and relatives (orthopteroids) in a New Guinea rain forest. We collected herbivores from three lineages of closely related woody plants and from more distantly related plant lineages in the same locality to examine the phylogenetic scale at which host specificity can be detected in a community sample. By grafting molecular phylogenies inferred from three different genes into a supertree, we developed a phylogenetic hypothesis for the host community. Feeding experiments were performed on more than 100 000 live insects collected from the 62 host species. We examined patterns of host use with respect to the host plant phylogeny. As predicted, we found a negative relationship between faunal similarity, defined as the proportion of all herbivores feeding on two hosts that are shared between the hosts, and the phylogenetic distance between hosts based on DNA sequence divergence. Host phylogenetic distance explained a significant fraction of the variance (25) in herbivore community similarity, in spite of the many ecological factors that probably influence feeding patterns. Herbivore community similarity among congeneric hosts was high (50 on average) compared to overlap among host families (20-30 on average). We confirmed this pattern using the nearest taxon index (NTI) and net relatedness index (NRI) to quantify the extent of phylogenetic clustering in particular herbivore associations and to test whether patterns are significantly different from chance expectations. We found that 40 of caterpillar species showed significant phylogenetic clustering with respect to host plant associations, somewhat more so than for beetles or orthopteroids. We interpret this as evidence that a substantial fraction of tropical forest insect herbivores are clade specialists. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{weiblen2006phylogenetic,
author = {George D Weiblen and Campbell O Webb and Vojtech Novotny and Yves Basset and Scott E Miller},
title = {Phylogenetic dispersion of host use in a tropical insect herbivore community.},
journal = {Ecology},
year = {2006},
volume = {87},
number = {7 Suppl},
pages = {S62--S75},
url = {http://geo.cbs.umn.edu/WeiblenEtAl2006.pdf}
}
|
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| Davis, C. C., Webb, C. O., Wurdack, K. J., Jaramillo, C. A. & Donoghue, M. J. | Explosive radiation of Malpighiales supports a mid-cretaceous origin of modern tropical rain forests. | 2005 | American Naturalist | article | DOI |
| Abstract: Fossil data have been interpreted as indicating that Late Cretaceous tropical forests were open and dry adapted and that modern closed-canopy rain forest did not originate until after the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary. However, some mid-Cretaceous leaf floras have been interpreted as rain forest. Molecular divergence-time estimates within the clade Malpighiales, which constitute a large percentage of species in the shaded, shrub, and small tree layer in tropical rain forests worldwide, provide new tests of these hypotheses. We estimate that all 28 major lineages (i.e., traditionally recognized families) within this clade originated in tropical rain forest well before the Tertiary, mostly during the Albian and Cenomanian (112-94 Ma). Their rapid rise in the mid-Cretaceous may have resulted from the origin of adaptations to survive and reproduce under a closed forest canopy. This pattern may also be paralleled by other similarly diverse lineages and supports fossil indications that closed-canopy tropical rain forests existed well before the K/T boundary. This case illustrates that dated phylogenies can provide an important new source of evidence bearing on the timing of major environmental changes, which may be especially useful when fossil evidence is limited or controversial. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{davis2005explosive,
author = {Charles C Davis and Campbell O Webb and Kenneth J Wurdack and Carlos A Jaramillo and Michael J Donoghue},
title = {Explosive radiation of Malpighiales supports a mid-cretaceous origin of modern tropical rain forests.},
journal = {American Naturalist},
year = {2005},
volume = {165},
number = {3},
pages = {E36--E65},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/428296}
}
|
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| Moles, A. T., Ackerly, D. D., Webb, C. O., Tweddle, J. C., Dickie, J. B., Pitman, A. J. & Westoby, M. | Factors that shape seed mass evolution. | 2005 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | article | DOI |
| Abstract: We used correlated divergence analysis to determine which factors have been most closely associated with changes in seed mass during seed plant evolution. We found that divergences in seed mass have been more consistently associated with divergences in growth form than with divergences in any other variable. This finding is consistent with the strong relationship between seed mass and growth form across present-day species and with the available data from the paleobotanical literature. Divergences in seed mass have also been associated with divergences in latitude, net primary productivity, temperature, precipitation, and leaf area index. However, these environmental variables had much less explanatory power than did plant traits such as seed dispersal syndrome and plant growth form. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{moles2005factors,
author = {Angela T Moles and David D Ackerly and Campbell O Webb and John C Tweddle and John B Dickie and Andy J Pitman and Mark Westoby},
title = {Factors that shape seed mass evolution.},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
year = {2005},
volume = {102},
number = {30},
pages = {10540--10544},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501473102}
}
|
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| Moles, A. T., Ackerly, D. D., Webb, C. O., Tweddle, J. C., Dickie, J. B. & Westoby, M. | A brief history of seed size. | 2005 | Science | article | DOIURL |
| Abstract: Improved phylogenies and the accumulation of broad comparative data sets have opened the way for phylogenetic analyses to trace trait evolution in major groups of organisms. We arrayed seed mass data for 12,987 species on the seed plant phylogeny and show the history of seed size from the emergence of the angiosperms through to the present day. The largest single contributor to the present-day spread of seed mass was the divergence between angiosperms and gymnosperms, whereas the widest divergence was between Celastraceae and Parnassiaceae. Wide divergences in seed size were more often associated with divergences in growth form than with divergences in dispersal syndrome or latitude. Cross-species studies and evolutionary theory are consistent with this evidence that growth form and seed size evolve in a coordinated manner. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{moles2005brief,
author = {Angela T Moles and David D Ackerly and Campbell O Webb and John C Tweddle and John B Dickie and Mark Westoby},
title = {A brief history of seed size.},
journal = {Science},
year = {2005},
volume = {307},
number = {5709},
pages = {576--580},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/moles2005_science.pdf},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1104863}
}
|
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| Ree, R. H., Moore, B. R., Webb, C. O. & Donoghue, M. J. | A likelihood framework for inferring the evolution of geographic range on phylogenetic trees. | 2005 | Evolution Int J Org Evolution | article | URL |
| Abstract: At a time when historical biogeography appears to be again expanding its scope after a period of focusing primarily on discerning area relationships using cladograms, new inference methods are needed to bring more kinds of data to bear on questions about the geographic history of lineages. Here we describe a likelihood framework for inferring the evolution of geographic range on phylogenies that models lineage dispersal and local extinction in a set of discrete areas as stochastic events in continuous time. Unlike existing methods for estimating ancestral areas, such as dispersal-vicariance analysis, this approach incorporates information on the timing of both lineage divergences and the availability of connections between areas (dispersal routes). Monte Carlo methods are used to estimate branch-specific transition probabilities for geographic ranges, enabling the likelihood of the data (observed species distributions) to be evaluated for a given phylogeny and parameterized paleogeographic model. We demonstrate how the method can be used to address two biogeographic questions: What were the ancestral geographic ranges on a phylogenetic tree? How were those ancestral ranges affected by speciation and inherited by the daughter lineages at cladogenesis events? For illustration we use hypothetical examples and an analysis of a Northern Hemisphere plant clade (Cercis), comparing and contrasting inferences to those obtained from dispersal-vicariance analysis. Although the particular model we implement is somewhat simplistic, the framework itself is flexible and could readily be modified to incorporate additional sources of information and also be extended to address other aspects of historical biogeography. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{ree2005likelihood,
author = {Richard H Ree and Brian R Moore and Campbell O Webb and Michael J Donoghue},
title = {A likelihood framework for inferring the evolution of geographic range on phylogenetic trees.},
journal = {Evolution Int J Org Evolution},
year = {2005},
volume = {59},
number = {11},
pages = {2299--2311},
url = {http://hengduan.huh.harvard.edu/~rree/reprints/Ree_et_al-2005-Evolution.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. | Engineering hope [BibTeX] |
2005 | Conservation Biology | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{webb2005engineering,
author = {Webb, Campbell O.},
title = {Engineering hope},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
year = {2005},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {275--277},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2005_cb.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. | Vegetation Mapping in Phnom Samkos and Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuaries, Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia [BibTeX] |
2005 | techreport | URL | |
BibTeX:
@techreport{webb2005vegetationa,
author = {Webb, Campbell O.},
title = {Vegetation Mapping in {P}hnom {S}amkos and {P}hnom {A}ural Wildlife Sanctuaries, {C}ardamom Mountains, {C}ambodia},
year = {2005},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2005_cardamoms.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. | Vegetation of the Raja Ampat Islands, Papua, Indonesia [BibTeX] |
2005 | techreport | URL | |
BibTeX:
@techreport{webb2005vegetationr4,
author = {Webb, C. O.},
title = {Vegetation of the Raja Ampat Islands, Papua, Indonesia},
year = {2005},
url = {http://www.rajaampat.org/downloads/raja_ampat_veg_webb.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O., Boucher, T., Sheppard, S. & Summers, M. | Vegetation of the Adelbert Range, Madang Province, PNG [BibTeX] |
2005 | techreport | URL | |
BibTeX:
@techreport{webb2005vegetation,
author = {Campbell O. Webb and Timothy Boucher and Stuart Sheppard and Marcy Summers},
title = {Vegetation of the Adelbert Range, Madang Province, PNG},
year = {2005},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2005_adelbert_veg.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. & Donoghue, M. J. | Phylomatic: tree assembly for applied phylogenetics | 2005 | Molecular Ecology Notes | article | DOIURL |
| Abstract: Phylomatic (http://www.phylodiversity.net/phylomatic) is an online phylogenetic query tool where users submit a list of taxa (e.g. from an ecological community), with modern family and genus names, and which returns a phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationships among taxa. Any set of stored phylogenies, or a user-supplied one, can be chosen as the basis for the returned phylogeny, and several output formats for the tree can be selected. Currently, the source databases cover seed plants. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{webb2005phylomatic,
author = {Webb, C. O. and Donoghue, M. J.},
title = {Phylomatic: tree assembly for applied phylogenetics},
journal = {Molecular Ecology Notes},
year = {2005},
volume = {5},
pages = {181--183},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2005_men.pdf},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00829.x}
}
|
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| Chazdon, R. L., Careaga, S., Webb, C. O. & Vargas, O. | Community and phylogenetic structure of reproductive traits of woody specie in wet tropical forests | 2003 | Ecological Monographs | article | URL |
| Abstract: We compare the distribution of reproductive traits in woody vegetation of 10 wet tropical forests in northeastern Costa Rica. Based on quantitative sampling of seedlings, saplings, and trees, we assess whether particular sexual systems, pollination syndromes, or seed-dispersal modes are associated with successional stage, prior selective logging, woody growth forms, or patterns of abundance or rarity. We further examine the phylogenetic structure of these traits in the regional woody flora, testing explicit hypotheses regarding phylogenetic clustering of reproductive traits and habitat distributions. Animal dispersal and insect pollination predominate across all forest types and size classes. In second-growth trees, relative abundance of species with explosive dispersal, hermaphroditic flowers, and insect pollination is higher, and relative abundance of species with animal dispersal and mammal pollination is lower, compared to old-growth and logged forests. Overall, dioecy and wind dispersal are more frequent than expected in canopy trees, and hermaphroditic flowers are more frequent than expected in shrubs. Reproductive traits, growth-form traits, and relative abundance patterns show significant clustering within the supertree phylogeny. Patterns of trait distribution across forest types are closely linked with patterns of floristic composition at the genus and family level. Species-level associations among reproductive traits and woody growth form can be explained by phylogenetic cor- relations. Wind dispersal and hummingbird pollination are significantly concentrated in clades with hermaphroditic flowers, whereas wind pollination is concentrated in clades with unisexual flowers. Legacies of both phylogenetic histor y and forest disturbance structure the distribution of reproductive traits within and among tropical wet forest communities. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{chazdon2003community,
author = {Chazdon, R. L. and Careaga, S. and Webb, C. O. and Vargas, O.},
title = {Community and phylogenetic structure of reproductive traits of woody specie in wet tropical forests},
journal = {Ecological Monographs},
year = {2003},
volume = {73},
pages = {331--348},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/chazdon2003.pdf}
}
|
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| Slik, J. W. F., Poulsen, A. D., Ashton, P. S., Cannon, C. H., Eichhorn, K. A. O., Kartawinata, K., Lanniari, I., Nagamasu, H., Nakagawa, M., van Nieuwstadt, M. G. L., Payne, J., Purwaningsih, Saridan, A., Sidiyasa, K., Verburg, R. W., Webb, C. O. & Wilkie, P. | A floristic analysis of the lowland dipterocarp forests of Borneo | 2003 | Journal of Biogeography | article | URL |
| Abstract: Aim To (1) identify floristic regions in the lowland (below 500 m a.s.l.) tropical dip- terocarp rain forest of Borneo based on tree genera, (2) determine the characteristic taxa of these regions, (3) study tree diversity patterns within Borneo, and (4) relate the floristic and diversity patterns to abiotic factors such as mean annual rainfall and geo- graphical distance between plots. Location Lowland tropical dipterocarp rain forest of Borneo. Methods We used tree (diameter at breast height * 9.8 cm) inventory data from 28 lowland dipterocarp rain forest locations throughout Borneo. From each location six samples of 640 individuals were drawn randomly. With these data we calculated a Sorensen and Steinhaus similarity matrix for the locations. These matrices were then used in an UPGMA clustering algorithm to determine the floristic relations between the locations (dendrogram). Principal coordinate analysis was used to ordinate the locations. Characteristic taxa for the identified floristic clusters were determined with the use of the INDVAL method of Dufrene & Legendre (1997). Finally, Mantel analysis was applied to determine the influence of mean annual rainfall and geographical distance between plots on floristic composition. Results A total of 77 families and 363 genera were included in the analysis. On average a random sample of 640 trees from a lowland dipterocarp forest in Borneo contains 41.6 3.8 families and 103.0 12.7 genera. Diversity varied strongly on local scales. On a regional scale, diversity was found to be highest in south-east Borneo and central Sarawak. The most common families were Dipterocarpaceae (21.9% of trees) and Euphorbiaceae (12.2% of trees). The most common genera were Shorea (12.3% of trees) and Syzygium (5.0% of trees). The 28 locations were clustered in geographically distinct floristic regions. This was related to the fact that floristic similarity depended strongly on the geographical distance between plots and similarity in mean annual rainfall. Aim To (1) identify floristic regions in the lowland (below 500 m a.s.l.) tropical dip- terocarp rain forest of Borneo based on tree genera, (2) determine the characteristic taxa of these regions, (3) study tree diversity patterns within Borneo, and (4) relate the floristic and diversity patterns to abiotic factors such as mean annual rainfall and geo- graphical distance between plots. Location Lowland tropical dipterocarp rain forest of Borneo. Methods We used tree (diameter at breast height * 9.8 cm) inventory data from 28 lowland dipterocarp rain forest locations throughout Borneo. From each location six samples of 640 individuals were drawn randomly. With these data we calculated a Sorensen and Steinhaus similarity matrix for the locations. These matrices were then used in an UPGMA clustering algorithm to determine the floristic relations between the locations (dendrogram). Principal coordinate analysis was used to ordinate the locations. Characteristic taxa for the identified floristic clusters were determined with the use of the INDVAL method of Dufrene & Legendre (1997). Finally, Mantel analysis was applied to determine the influence of mean annual rainfall and geographical distance between plots on floristic composition. Results A total of 77 families and 363 genera were included in the analysis. On average a random sample of 640 trees from a lowland dipterocarp forest in Borneo contains 41.6 3.8 families and 103.0 12.7 genera. Diversity varied strongly on local scales. On a regional scale, diversity was found to be highest in south-east Borneo and central Sarawak. The most common families were Dipterocarpaceae (21.9% of trees) and Euphorbiaceae (12.2% of trees). The most common genera were Shorea (12.3% of trees) and Syzygium (5.0% of trees). The 28 locations were clustered in geographically distinct floristic regions. This was related to the fact that floristic similarity depended strongly on the geographical distance between plots and similarity in mean annual rainfall. |
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BibTeX:
@article{slik2003floristic,
author = {Slik, J. W. F. and Poulsen, A. D. and Ashton, P. S. and Cannon, C. H. and Eichhorn, K. A. O. and Kartawinata, K. and Lanniari, I. and Nagamasu, H. and Nakagawa, M. and van Nieuwstadt, M. G. L. and Payne, J. and Purwaningsih and Saridan, A. and Sidiyasa, K. and Verburg, R. W. and Webb, C. O. and Wilkie, P.},
title = {A floristic analysis of the lowland dipterocarp forests of Borneo},
journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
year = {2003},
volume = {30},
number = {10},
pages = {1517--1531},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/fslik/J%20of%20Biogeo2003.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. | Macroevolutionary theory on macroecological patterns [BibTeX] |
2003 | Quarterly Review of Biology | article | |
BibTeX:
@article{webb2003macroevolutionary,
author = {Webb, C. O.},
title = {Macroevolutionary theory on macroecological patterns},
journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
year = {2003},
volume = {78},
pages = {474--475}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O., Ackerly, D. D., Mcpeek, M. A. & Donoghue, M. J. | Phylogenies and community ecology | 2002 | Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics | article | URL |
| Abstract: As better phylogenetic hypotheses become available for many groups of organisms, studies in community ecology can be informed by knowledge of the evo- lutionary relationships among coexisting species. We note three primary approaches to integrating phylogenetic information into studies of community organization: 1. examining the phylogenetic structure of community assemblages, 2. exploring the phylogenetic basis of community niche structure, and 3. adding a community context to studies of trait evolution and biogeography. We recognize a common pattern of phy- logenetic conservatism in ecological character and highlight the challenges of using phylogenies of partial lineages. We also review phylogenetic approaches to three emer- gent properties of communities: species diversity, relative abundance distributions, and range sizes. Methodological advances in phylogenetic supertree construction, charac- ter reconstruction, null models for community assembly and character evolution, and metrics of community phylogenetic structure underlie the recent progress in these ar- eas. We highlight the potential for community ecologists to benefit from phylogenetic knowledge and suggest several avenues for future research. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{webb2002phylogenies,
author = {Webb, C. O. and Ackerly, D. D. and Mcpeek, M. A. and Donoghue, M. J.},
title = {Phylogenies and community ecology},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics},
year = {2002},
volume = {33},
pages = {475--505},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2002_ares.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. & Pitman, N. C. A. | Phylogenetic balance and ecological evenness | 2002 | Systematic Biology | article | URL |
| Abstract: The frequency distribution of numbers of species in taxonomic groups, where many species belong to a few very diverse higher taxa, is mirrored by that of species in most communities, where many individuals belong to a few very abundant species. Various hypotheses mechanistically link a species' community abundance with the diversity of the higher level taxon (genus, family, order) to which it belongs, but empirical data are equivocal about general trends in the relation between rank-taxon diversity and mean abundance. One reason for this inconclusive result may be the effect of the semisubjective nature of rank-based classification. We assessed the relationship between clade diversity and mean species abundance for two diverse tropical tree communities, using both traditional rank-based analysis and two new phylogenetic analyses (based on the ratio of individuals to taxa at each node in the phylogeny). Both rank-based and phylogenetic analyses using taxonomic ranks above the species level as terminal taxa detected a trend associating common species with species-rich families. In contrast, phylogenetic analyses using species as terminal taxa could not distinguish the observed distribution of species abundances from a random distribution with respect to clade diversity. The difference between these results might be due to (1) the absence of a real phylogeny-wide relationship between clade abundance and diversity, (2) the influence of poor phylogenetic resolution within families in our phylogenies, or (3) insufficient sensitivity of our metrics to subtle tree-wide effects. Further development and application of phylogeny-based methods for testing abundance-diversity relationships is needed. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{webb2002phylogenetica,
author = {Campbell O Webb and Nigel C A Pitman},
title = {Phylogenetic balance and ecological evenness},
journal = {Systematic Biology},
year = {2002},
volume = {51},
number = {6},
pages = {898--907},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2002_sb.pdf}
}
|
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| Zens, M. S. & Webb, C. O. | Sizing up the shape of life [BibTeX] |
2002 | Science | article | DOIURL |
BibTeX:
@article{zens2002ecology.,
author = {M. Scot Zens and Campbell O Webb},
title = {Sizing up the shape of life},
journal = {Science},
year = {2002},
volume = {295},
number = {5559},
pages = {1475--1476},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/zens2002.pdf},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1070130}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. & Peart, D. R. | High seed dispersal rates in faunally-intact tropical rain forest: theoretical and conservation implications [BibTeX] |
2001 | Ecology Letters | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{webb2001high,
author = {Webb, C. O. and Peart, D. R.},
title = {High seed dispersal rates in faunally-intact tropical rain forest: theoretical and conservation implications},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
year = {2001},
volume = {4},
pages = {491--499},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2001_el.pdf}
}
|
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| Curran, L. M. & Webb, C. O. | Experimental tests of the spatiotemporal scale of seed predation in mast-fruiting Dipterocarpaceae | 2000 | Ecological Monographs | article | URL |
| Abstract: Mast-fruiting Dipterocarpaceae exhibit highly synchronous, interspecific seedfall at irregular, multiyear inter vals. To investigate how the temporal pattern of seedfall affects dipterocarp seed and seedling sur vival, in both a logged and a primar y lowland tropical forest, we planted Shorea stenoptera Burck seeds in the last three weeks of a 12- wk synchronous dipterocarp seedfall during a major community mast-fruiting event in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. As a result of commercial timber har vest of dipterocarp individuals eight years before, total dipterocarp seed production in the logged site was only 23% of that in the primar y forest. At both sites, an average of 35 kg of seed was sown across a large area (1 km2) to examine the spatial pattern of seed destruction. During the period in which ''natural'' community mast seed was available to predators, 92% and 99% of experimentally sown seed escaped predators in logged and in primar y forest, respectively. After regional seed resources were exhausted, nomadic vertebrates (primarily the bearded pig, Sus barbatus) were obser ved in both forest areas, and all ungerminated seed was destroyed. Seed predators arrived earlier in the logged area, before most experimentally sown seed had germinated, and the logged site experienced greater seed loss to vertebrates than did the primar y forest. Because nomadic seed predators were absent during peak fruit fall of naturally occurring communities at both study sites, there was no evidence of local predator satiation. Rather, experimentally sown seed escaped predation because of rapid germination before predator arrival, as opposed to being ignored by satiated predators. Seed escape was more dependent on the late arrival of pigs than on the amount of local seed production. There was no significant spatial autocorrelation of seed predation. All remaining seed at the scale of the experiment (1 km2) was destroyed by predators. These findings suggest that satiation of nomadic predators occurs at the landscape scale. Postdispersal seed predators caused significantly greater seed destruction in the exper- imentally sown seed populations than in naturally dispersed, mast-fruiting communities at both sites. In both logged and primar y forests, there was significantly greater loss of experimentally sown seed to predation than was found in the entire natural mast-fruiting Shorea community combined (21 spp.). Moreover, a naturally occurring, but late-fruiting, Shorea species also exhibited greater seed losses to predation than did all other species within each mast-fruiting community, and these proportional losses were similar to those obser ved in the experimentally sown seeds. Seeds that escaped predation and vertebrate herbivor y on post-establishment seedlings dis- played high sur vival, indicating that the availability of suitable microsites did not limit re- cruitment. In the primar y forest, 65% of the germinated experimental seed that sur vived early causes of mortality was alive 40 mo post-planting, which coincided with the next mast-fruiting event. The spatial distribution of these seedlings was modified primarily by the foraging behavior of vertebrate seed predators in the first two weeks post-planting. The influence of vertebrate predation on seed and seedling sur vival suggests that foraging behavior by terrestrial vertebrate seed predators may cause directional and/or stabilizing selection for synchronous, interspecific supra-annual dipterocarp seed production across forest regions in Kalimantan. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{curran2000experimental,
author = {Curran, Lisa M. and Webb, Campbell O.},
title = {Experimental tests of the spatiotemporal scale of seed predation in mast-fruiting {D}ipterocarpaceae},
journal = {Ecological Monographs},
year = {2000},
volume = {70},
number = {1},
pages = {129--148},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/curran2000.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. | Beyond slash and burn [BibTeX] |
2000 | Plant Systematics and Evolution | article | |
BibTeX:
@article{webb2000beyond,
author = {Webb, C. O.},
title = {Beyond slash and burn},
journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
year = {2000},
volume = {220},
pages = {271--273}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. | Exploring the phylogenetic structure of ecological communities: an example for rain forest trees. | 2000 | American Naturalist | article | URL |
| Abstract: Because of the correlation expected between the phylogenetic relatedness of two taxa and their net ecological similarity, a measure of the overall phylogenetic relatedness of a community of interacting organisms can be used to investigate the contemporary ecological processes that structure community composition. I describe two indices that use the number of nodes that separate taxa on a phylogeny as a measure of their phylogenetic relatedness. As an example of the use of these indices in community analysis, I compared the mean observed net relatedness of trees (>/=10 cm diameter at breast height) in each of 28 plots (each 0.16 ha) in a Bornean rain forest with the net relatedness expected if species were drawn randomly from the species pool (of the 324 species in the 28 plots), using a supertree that I assembled from published sources. I found that the species in plots were more phylogenetically related than expected by chance, a result that was insensitive to various modifications to the basic methodology. I tentatively infer that variation in habitat among plots causes ecologically more similar species to co-occur within plots. Finally, I suggest a range of applications for phylogenetic relatedness measures in community analysis. | |||||
BibTeX:
@article{webb2000exploring,
author = {Webb, C. O.},
title = {Exploring the phylogenetic structure of ecological communities: an example for rain forest trees.},
journal = {American Naturalist},
year = {2000},
volume = {156},
number = {2},
pages = {145--155},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2000_an.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. & Peart, D. R. | Habitat associations of trees and seedlings in a Bornean rain forest [BibTeX] |
2000 | Journal of Ecology | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{webb2000habitat,
author = {Webb, C. O. and Peart, D. R.},
title = {Habitat associations of trees and seedlings in a Bornean rain forest},
journal = {Journal of Ecology},
year = {2000},
volume = {88},
pages = {464--478},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb2000_je.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. | Borneo Diary [BibTeX] |
1999 | misc | URL | |
BibTeX:
@misc{webb1999borneo,
author = {Webb, C. O.},
title = {Borneo Diary},
year = {1999},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/research/pubs/borneo.mp3}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. | Environment as destiny, history as science [BibTeX] |
1999 | Conservation Biology | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{webb1999environment,
author = {Webb, Campbell O.},
title = {Environment as destiny, history as science},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
year = {1999},
volume = {13},
pages = {1520--1521},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb1999_cb.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. & Peart, D. R. | Seedling density dependence promotes coexistence of Bornean rain forest trees [BibTeX] |
1999 | Ecology | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{webb1999seedling,
author = {Webb, C. O. and Peart, D. R.},
title = {Seedling density dependence promotes coexistence of Bornean rain forest trees},
journal = {Ecology},
year = {1999},
volume = {80},
pages = {2006--2017},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb1999_ec.pdf}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. | Milestones in Indonesian conservation [BibTeX] |
1998 | Conservation Biology | article | |
BibTeX:
@article{webb1998milestones,
author = {Webb, Campbell O.},
title = {Milestones in Indonesian conservation},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
year = {1998},
volume = {12},
pages = {735--736},
note = {Book review on MacKinnon}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. | Seedling Ecology and Tree Diversity in a Bornean Rain Forest [BibTeX] |
1997 | School: Dartmouth College | phdthesis | URL |
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{webb1997seedling,
author = {Webb, C. O.},
title = {Seedling Ecology and Tree Diversity in a Bornean Rain Forest},
school = {Dartmouth College},
year = {1997},
url = {http://www.phylodiversity.net/cwebb/pubs/webb1997_thesis.pdf}
}
|
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| Setiadi, Y., Peart, D. R., Webb, C. O. & Leighton, M. | Abundance and spatial distribution of seedling recruitment around adult trees of five Shorea species, in the Gunung Palung National Park, Indonesia [BibTeX] |
1996 | Tropical Biodiversity | article | |
BibTeX:
@article{setiadi1996abundance,
author = {Setiadi, Y. and D. R. Peart and C. O. Webb and M. Leighton},
title = {Abundance and spatial distribution of seedling recruitment around adult trees of five {\textit Shorea} species, in the Gunung Palung National Park, Indonesia},
journal = {Tropical Biodiversity},
year = {1996},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {169--179}
}
|
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| Tanuwijaya, S. M., Alimudin, R. H., Peart, D. R., Webb, C. O. & Leighton, M. | Population structure and regeneration in two potentially valuable leguminous rain forest tree species, Sindora coriacea and Dialium platysepalum, in Gunung Palung National Park, Indonesia [BibTeX] |
1996 | Tropical Biodiversity | article | |
BibTeX:
@article{tanuwijaya1996population,
author = {Tanuwijaya, S. M. and R. H. Alimudin and D. R. Peart and C. O. Webb and M. Leighton},
title = {Population structure and regeneration in two potentially valuable leguminous rain forest tree species, {\textit Sindora coriacea} and {\textit Dialium platysepalum}, in Gunung Palung National Park, Indonesia},
journal = {Tropical Biodiversity},
year = {1996},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {157--168}
}
|
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| Webb, C. O. & Curran, L. M. | A field key to dipterocarp seedlings of the Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia [BibTeX] |
1996 | Tropical Biodiversity | article | |
BibTeX:
@article{webb1996field,
author = {Webb, C. O. and Curran, L. M.},
title = {A field key to dipterocarp seedlings of the Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia},
journal = {Tropical Biodiversity},
year = {1996},
volume = {3},
pages = {193--225}
}
|
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| Flemming, N. C. & Webb, C. O. | Tectonic and eustatic coastal changes during the last 10,000 years, derived from archeological data. [BibTeX] |
1986 | Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementbände | article | URL |
BibTeX:
@article{flemming1986tectonic,
author = {Flemming, N. C. and C. O. Webb},
title = {Tectonic and eustatic coastal changes during the last 10,000 years, derived from archeological data.},
journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur Geomorphologie, Supplementb\"ande},
year = {1986},
volume = {62},
pages = {1--29},
url = {http://www.schweizerbart.de/pubs/books/bo/zgeomorphs-023006200-desc.html}
}
|
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